Adam Back

Crypto Projects

• hashcash partial hash collision based proof-of-work algorithm (used as the mining function in bitcoin and for anti-DoS in email various systems)
• credlib credential library with chaum and brands credentials.
• Cebolla pragmatic IP anonymity
• PGP Stealth software to add steganography support to pgp2.x
• OpenPGP implementations and libraries
• code to compute human memorable test vectors for ciphersaber-2.
• Eternity USENET a censorship proof virtual web space using USENET as a document store
• Cypherspace distributed data haven project

Bitcoin Related

• hashcash is the bitcoin mining function.
• how bitcoins uses hashcash fractional difficulty, automated inflation control
• cache of Satoshi Nakamoto's wikipedia page which the editors deleted??

Publications and Tech Reports

• Aug 02 - "Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter Measure" (5 years on), Tech Report, Adam Back
• Aug 02 - "Hashcash - Amortizable Publicly Auditable Cost-Functions" , Tech Report, Adam Back
• Dec 01 - "Non-Interactive Forward Security", Tech Report, Adam Back
• May 01 - "Freedom 2.1 Security Issues and Analysis", Zero-Knowledge Systems White Paper, Adam Back, Ian Goldberg and Adam Shostack
• Apr 01 - "Traffic Analysis Attacks and Trade-Offs in Anonymity Providing systems", Information Hiding 2001, Adam Back, Ulf Möller and Anton Stiglic
• Mar 01 - "An Auditable Namespace", Tech Report, Adam Back
• Dec 00 - "Freedom 2.0 Mail System", Zero-Knowledge Systems Inc White Paper, Adam Back, Serge Chevarie-Pelletier, Bill Heelan, Graydon Hoare, Roger McFarlane, Christian Paquin, Deniz Sarikaya
• Aug 00 - "Forward Secrecy Extentions for OpenPGP", Internet Draft, Ian Brown, Adam Back, Ben Laurie
• Jun 98 - "Non-Transferable Signatures using PGP", Usenix Annual Technical Conference, 98, Ian Brown and Adam Back
• Sep 97 - "The Eternity Service" (aka Eternity USENET) Phrack Magazine, Vol 7, Issue 51, Sep 1997, Adam Back
• Apr 97 - " Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter-measure", original announce, Adam Back
• Aug 95 - "The Simple Key Search Protocol", Internet Draft, Adam Back, Andrew Brown, Piete Brooks (used for breaking 40 bit Netscape SSL)

• See also distributed systems publications at the bottom of this page

Crypto Hacks

• crypto related perl hacks: export-a-crypto-system signature file collection
• RSA export-a-crypto-system munitions T-shirt home page
• NSA's public keys from Microsoft's CAPI library
• NSA's backdoor key from lotus notes -- O=MiniTruth CN=Big Brother

Breaking weak crypto

• c2's Hack Netscape! challenge, break page
• Brute forcing RC4-40 attempted Microsoft Access (failed due to lack of specs)
• Brute forcing Netscape's SSL 1st Challenge, testing, 2 independent breaks
• Brute forcing Netscape's SSL 2nd Challenge 32 hours

Crypto politics

• UK crypto export regulations
• PGP timeline short history of PGP
• Cypherpunks anti-License (CPL)
• Talking PGP Inc. out of building GAK enabling features into pgp 5.x
• GAK resistant design principles for crypto protocol designers, implementors and standards people

Crypto People

• People with crypto related pages.

Crypto Mailing lists

• The cypherpunks mailing list
• The cryptography moderated crypto mailing list (mostly low social significance tech discussion) archive
• The coderpunks list is dead try the cypherpunks-moderated list. (Old coderpunks archives can be found here archive)
• bluesky global-scale distributed storage mailing list bluesky
• The p2p-hackers list
• The steganography mailing list
• The ukcrypto mailing list, crypto politics in the UK

Cypherspace Internet Security - Services

• crypto consulting

Distributed Systems Publications

• Feb 96 - "Transformations for the Optimistic Parallel Execution of Object-Oriented Programs" [.ps.gz], Proceedings of Parallel Object-Oriented Methods and Applications Conference (POOMA '96), Adam Back and Stephen Turner
• Dec 95 - "Parallelization of General Purpose Programs using Optimistic Techniques from Parallel Discrete Event Simulation" [.ps.gz], PhD Thesis, Adam Back (Thesis supervisor: Stephen Turner)
• Oct 95 - "A Parallelizing Compiler and Run Time System based on Optimistic Execution" [.ps.gz], Tech Report R334, Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, 95 Adam Back and Stephen Turner
• May 95 - "Using Optimistic Execution Techniques as a Parallelisation Tool for General Purpose Computing" [.ps.gz], Proceedings of High-Performance Computing and Networking (HPCN) Europe, 95 Adam Back and Stephen Turner
• Apr 95 - "Time-Stamp Generation for Optimistic Parallel Computing" [.ps.gz], Proceedings of the 28th Annual Simulation Symposium, 95, Adam Back and Stephen Turner
• Oct 94 - "General Purpose Optimistic Parallel Computing" [.ps.gz], Proceedings of the 7th PARSYS User Group Meeting, PARSYS 94 Stephen Turner and Adam Back
• Oct 94 - "A T9000 Implementation of the p4 Parallel Programming Model" [.ps.gz], International Conference on Transputer Research and Applications, 94 Stephen Turner and Adam Back
• Mar 94 - "General Purpose Optimistic Parallel Computing", (later published at PARSYS 94 -- see above), Dept of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Tech Report R296 Stephen Turner and Adam Back
• 94 - "Time-Stamp generation for the parallel execution of program control structures", (Likely early draft of Annual Simulation Symposium 95 -- see above), Tech Report R289, Deptartment of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Adam Back and Stephen Turner
• 94 - "A GNU CC compiler for the transputer", Tech report R295, Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Chris Berry, Adam Back and Stephen Turner
• Dec 93 - "Portability and Parallelism with Lightweight p4" [.ps.gz], BCS PPSG Conference on General Purpose Parallel Computing, 93, Adam Back and Stephen Turner

• Jul 97 - "Optimistic Network Computing and its Performance Control", ICS'97 - Workshop: Performance Data Mining: Automated Diagnosis, Adaption, and Optimization, Stephen Turner

Linux Hardware Setup Notes

• Sound and linmodem on toshiba tecra 8000

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Google hacking

• Kelda lakeland terriers